Yale University School of Medicine researchers have announced the partial revival of cellular function in pigs’ brains that have been declared dead several hours prior. The researchers created a system, known as BrainEx, which restores blood and oxygen flow into the dead pigs’ brains.
The system is roughly similar to existing dialysis machines, which filters blood and removes waste products and excess water in case of damaged, dysfunctional, or missing kidneys.
But unlike dialysis machines, the BrainEx system will likely be controversial for many reasons. Our definition of brain death will be shaken to the core, and the ensuing ethics debate can make or break BrainEx’s applications, especially in humans.
The researchers, however, welcome the ethics debates that will inevitably come with their announcement. The scientific community also appears to welcome the breakthrough – Nita Farahany, a Duke University School of Law bioethicist, considers it “an extraordinary and very promising breakthrough for neuroscience” – since it provides a better model for human brain studies.
The feat will also likely challenge many of the fundamental theories in neuroscience, such as the irreversible effect of loss of oxygen flow to the brain. The researchers have proven that said assumption isn’t true, and the legal and ethical issues that will inevitably follow won’t likely reverse it.
The BrainEx makers didn’t kills pigs and other animals for the experiment. Instead, they purchased pig heads from a food processing plant; the pigs have already been butchered for their meat. The pig brains technically remained dead since these showed no signs of consciousness or awareness, as evidenced by electrical neural activity.
Nenad Sestan, the study’s co-author and a neuroscientist, said that the pig brains aren’t living brains in the clinical definition.
According to researchers, the BrainEx system kept the pig brains in significantly better shape in comparison with brains naturally decomposing. The restored functions included taking in oxygen and glucose for up to six hours at a time, an achievement that can boost studies on human brains. In turn, the system can provide the foundation for studying brain diseases and disorders in a better manner.
The BrainEx system is comprised of computer-controlled filters and pumps that send a proprietary hemoglobin-based solution through the dead pig brains. The solution is injected in a manner that mimics the ebb and flow of the body’s natural circulation, as well as formulated so that it’s visible on ultrasound scans.
According to the researchers, Yale University has filed a patent for the BrainEx system on their behalf. But the system’s procedures and parts will be made free and available to academic researchers and non-profit organizations.
The researchers also ensured that the pig brains wouldn’t gain consciousness or awareness – or wake up – during the procedure. They were ready with appropriate measures including temperature reduction measures and anesthesia administration just in case. They also ensured that the solution contained compounds that block neural activity.
Stephen Latham, the study’s co-author and director of the Yale Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics, said that, “It was in fact never a goal…of the research to have consciousness restored.”
Khara Ramos, the director of the Neuroethics Program at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, said that, “We’re really excited about this as a platform that could help us better understand how to treat people who have had heart attacks and have lost normal blood flow to the brain.”
How do scientists and doctors define death? Death is final although its definition has changed over time, particularly with the advent of modern medical technology that kept organs alive. These devices, such as mechanical ventilators, keep the heart and lungs functioning even as the brain cannot.
But while the heart and lungs can be kept functioning via mechanical means, the brain isn’t so easily kept alive. The brain is akin to a high-performance, complex machines with unique demands including a steady and stable supply of oxygen-rich blood for optimum performance.
Once blood flow is cut off to the brain, the affected individual loses consciousness within a few seconds. In just five minutes, the essential molecules including ATP and glucose in the brain run out and a death spiral begins.
Until the pioneering BrainEx system, scientists considered brain death as irreversible due to the combination of factors. The chemical processes of nerve cells are thrown out of whack, the blood in the brain becomes more acidic due to carbon dioxide buildup, and glutamate leaks become toxic. The brain’s blood vessels and smaller structures break down, too.
As researchers gained a deeper understanding of the brain and its processes, the definition of brain death also evolved. Today, the American Academy of Neurology uses a checklist for determining brain death in patients.
The BrainEx researchers have consulted many of the world’s leading ethicists and neuroscientists including the Neuroethics Working Group to ensure that the study won’t be so controversial. In time, the study’s results can be used for the betterment of mankind, hopefully.
Great job for publishing such a beneficial web site. Your web log isn’t only useful but it is additionally really creative too. There tend to be not many people who can certainly write not so simple posts that artistically. Continue the nice writing computercyber.com
Great article with excellent idea!Thank you for such a valuable article. I really appreciate for this great information.. inewdeals.com
Ahaa, its good conversation concerning this article here at this weblog, I have read
all that, so now me also commenting here.
여기가바로 먹튀검증 배팅의성지
Hello ! I am the one who writes posts on these topics casino online I would like to write an article based on your article. When can I ask for a review?
Your article has answered the question I was wondering about! I would like to write a thesis on this subject, but I would like you to give your opinion once 😀 totosite
When I read an article on this topic, casinosite the first thought was profound and difficult, and I wondered if others could understand.. My site has a discussion board for articles and photos similar to this topic. Could you please visit me when you have time to discuss this topic?
Pretty! This has been a really wonderful post. Thanks for supplying this information.
Fantastic post however I was wondering if you could write a
litte more on this topic? I’d be very grateful if you could elaborate a little
bit further. Bless you!
I every time spent my half an hour to read this blog’s content
everyday along with a mug of coffee.
I came to this site with the introduction of a friend around me and I was very impressed when I found your writing. I’ll come back often after bookmarking! bitcoincasino
Your article is what I’ve been looking for for a long time. I’m happy to find you like this. Could you visit my website if you have time? I’m sure you’ll find a post of interest that you’ll find interesting. 하노이 VIP마사지
Looking at this article, I miss the time when I didn’t wear a mask. baccaratsite Hopefully this corona will end soon. My blog is a blog that mainly posts pictures of daily life before Corona and landscapes at that time. If you want to remember that time again, please visit us.
Howdy, i read your blog from time to time and i own a similar one and i was just wondering if you get a lot of spam comments?
If so how do you protect against it, any plugin or anything you can recommend?
I get so much lately it’s driving me mad so any assistance is very
much appreciated.
Your article is a perfect article without a hitch. Thank you. My site: okbet sports app
It’s the same topic , but I was quite surprised to see the opinions I didn’t think of. My blog also has articles on these topics, so I look forward to your visit. majorsite
I came to this site with the introduction of a friend around me and I was very impressed when I found your writing. I’ll come back often after bookmarking! baccaratsite
놀다 바카라 지금 온라인으로 라이브하고 놀라운 보너스를 받으세요
I came to this site with the introduction of a friend around me and I was very impressed when I found your writing. I’ll come back often after bookmarking! majorsite
I’ve been looking for photos and articles on this topic over the past few days due to a school assignment, baccarat online and I’m really happy to find a post with the material I was looking for! I bookmark and will come often! Thanks 😀
카지노사이트
카지노사이트,바카라사이트,온라인카지노,우리카지노 – 온라인카지노플레이 https://online-casinoplay.com
카지노추천 인터넷카지노추천이벤트 카지노전략 인터넷카지노사이트추천 인터넷카지노주식 인터넷카지노주소 인터넷카지노벤츠 카지노홀덤 카지노사이트코리아 인터넷카지노타투 카지노사이트추 카지노이벤트 카지노사이트추천로또 카지노식보 인터넷카지노하는곳
카지노사이트
카지노사이트,바카라사이트,온라인카지노,우리카지노 – 온라인카지노플레이 https://online-casinoplay.com
카지노사이트쿠폰 인터넷카지노파워볼 인터넷카지노추천이벤트 인터넷카지노추천주소 카지노이기기 인터넷카지노싸이트 카지노사이트정선 카지노고수 카지노사이트아시아 카지노돈따기 카지노빠 인터넷카지노게임 카지노사이트소개 인터넷카지노모바일카지노 카지노사이트가입
Why couldn’t I have the same or similar opinions as you? T^T I hope you also visit my blog and give us a good opinion. safetoto
카지노사이트
카지노사이트,바카라사이트,온라인카지노,우리카지노 – 온라인카지노플레이 https://online-casinoplay.com
인터넷바카라 인터넷카지노주소 카지노빠 카지노사이트메가888 카지노사이트아시안 인터넷카지노싸이트 카지노 인터넷카지노라스베가스 카지노사이트쿠폰 인터넷카지노파워볼 카지노놀이터 카지노주소 카지노재벌 카지노사이트M 카지노노하우
카지노사이트
카지노사이트,바카라사이트,온라인카지노,우리카지노 – 온라인카지노플레이 https://online-casinoplay.com
바카라사이트추천 인터넷카지노추천 인터넷카지노배우기 카지노사이트엠 카지노게임 카지노사이트주소모바일바카라 카지노사이트쿠폰정선카지노 인터넷카지노하는곳 카지노전략 카지노에이전시 인터넷카지노게임사이트 카지노게임 카지노사이트추천바카라추천 카지노사이트M 카지노종류
From some point on, I am preparing to build my site while browsing various sites. It is now somewhat completed. If you are interested, please come to play with totosite !!
It’s not all about how you work hard but it’s about how you manage your time, resources, mind to work together for a better output 제이나인 먹튀 검증 소 https://j9korea.com/
comprare patente.
comprare patente di Guida
I’m writing on this topic these days, safetoto, but I have stopped writing because there is no reference material. Then I accidentally found your article. I can refer to a variety of materials, so I think the work I was preparing will work! Thank you for your efforts.
comprare patente….,
comprare patente di Guida
It’s too bad to check your article late. I wonder what it would be if we met a little faster. I want to exchange a little more, but please visit my site casino online and leave a message!!
899
It’s too bad to check your article late. I wonder what it would be if we met a little faster. I want to exchange a little more, but please visit my site safetoto and leave a message!!
This has been a wonderful post.
гдз по английскому языку шестой класс афанасьева
гдз по геогр 8 класс
гдз по геометрии 7 класс
недоросль читать
гдз по английскому языку 3 класс рабочая тетрадь
гдз по английскому языку 7 класс комарова
гдз по физике 7 класс перышкин задачник
гдз по русскому языку пятый класс первая часть
гдз математика 4 клас
гдз по информатике
гдз английский 8 класс афанасьева
гдз по русскому языку 6 класс ладыженская решатор
гдз по английскому 5 класс
гдз по английскому 9 класс вербицкая
решебник по математике 6 класс мерзляк
Your article has answered the question I was wondering about! I would like to write a thesis on this subject, but I would like you to give your opinion once 😀 baccarat online
To the bostonleader.com Administrator, exact listed here: Link Text
Hello bostonleader.com Owner, same below: Link Text
9xflix in bollywood movies
hollywood movies free online watch sites
Hi bostonleader.com administrator, You always provide in-depth analysis and understanding.
Hello bostonleader.com owner, Good to see your posts!
Your explanation is organized very easy to understand!!! I understood at once. Could you please post about baccaratsite ?? Please!!
Based on the evidence so far, I’m forced to conclude. Nothing is really impossible for you. your article is very good.
온라인 카지노
카지노사이트
바카라사이트
토토사이트
호텔 카지노
https://www.j9korea.com/
за сигаретами скачать
скачать сериал сверхъестественное 7 сезон бесплатно
волчонок 4 сезон скачать
гра престолів 8 сезон
striplife.ru
1907
Активность
Dear bostonleader.com admin, Keep sharing your knowledge!
dolpsy.ru
nakushetke.ru
lastduel.ru
k-tv.ru
SexyPG168 play pg168
1041
1221
93
619
1763
1615
1376
психолог врач или нет
Hi bostonleader.com admin, Good work!
To the bostonleader.com admin, You always provide key takeaways and summaries.
artist-bio.ru
I came to this site with the introduction of a friend around me and I was very impressed when I found your writing. I’ll come back often after bookmarking! baccaratcommunity
Dear bostonleader.com webmaster, Thanks for the comprehensive post!
Hello bostonleader.com webmaster, Thanks for the well-researched and well-written post!
фильмы в 2023 которые выйдут кинотеатрах года
сколько идет чебурашка фильм 2023 сколько по времени
To the bostonleader.com webmaster, Thanks for the well-structured and well-presented post!
Dear bostonleader.com owner, Good job!
Why couldn’t I have the same or similar opinions as you? T^T I hope you also visit my blog and give us a good opinion. casino online
It is really a great and helpful piece of info. I am glad that you just shared this helpful information with us.
Please stay us informed like this. Thanks for sharing.
новые фильмы
Hi bostonleader.com webmaster, Good to see your posts!
To the bostonleader.com admin, Your posts are always well-referenced and credible.
New ideas can be set in this blog post. Interesting information for everyone. Thank you for helping people get the information they need. Thank you for your valuable efforts. 토토사이트
Лучшие психологи онлайн
hello, i rilly liked it
Hello bostonleader.com administrator, Your posts are always well-formatted and easy to read.
Hi bostonleader.com admin, Keep sharing your knowledge!
Dear bostonleader.com administrator, Excellent work!
Всё везде и сразу
Hi bostonleader.com owner, Keep the good content coming!
Dear bostonleader.com webmaster, You always provide great examples and real-world applications.
nbk
Hello bostonleader.com administrator, You always provide clear explanations and definitions.
Amazing news, would love to know more about the process
Hello bostonleader.com administrator, Great job!
Dear bostonleader.com admin, Thanks for the well-organized and comprehensive post!
To the bostonleader.com webmaster, Thanks for the great post!
Hello bostonleader.com admin, Your posts are always well presented.
Hello bostonleader.com webmaster, Thanks for the post!
Hi bostonleader.com administrator, Your posts are always well-supported by research and data.
Hello bostonleader.com administrator, Your posts are always well thought out.
Hello bostonleader.com webmaster, Thanks for the post!
Hi bostonleader.com owner, Your posts are always on point.
Hi bostonleader.com owner, Your posts are always well written.
Online Gambling sa Pilipinas is the online trend!!!! Want to know more about the site? visit here —>> online gambling philippines 2023
To the bostonleader.com webmaster, You always provide great examples and real-world applications, thank you for your valuable contributions.
poip-nsk.ru
company-blog.ru
mgfmail.ru
medunitsa.ru
www2022.ru
fond-detym.ru
2023.vipspark.ru
где скачать 3д фильмы для телевизора самсунг
vipspark.ru
mim hotel mallorca
Dear bostonleader.com admin, Your posts are always on point.
Hi bostonleader.com administrator, Thanks for the informative and well-written post!
крым 2023